Archive for March, 2009

조용하게 샘솟는 평화

예수님은 감상적인 평화, 가짜 평화를 거부하셨습니다.
세상의 평화는 위장된 평화입니다.
진정한 평화는 고통스러운 현실 속에서 죄와 불법과 싸워
피투성이가 되면서 얻어지는 것입니다.
예수님을 만난 사람들은 마음의 평화를 얻습니다.
조용하게 샘솟는 평화,
무엇이라고 설명할 수 없는 기쁨을 경험합니다.
당신에게 이 평화가 있습니까?

사랑하는 그대에게, 하용조

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[펌] 상담자의 시선 – 사람을 변하게 하는 것

직업이 상담입니다만
어줍잖게 상담 들먹이며 조심스레 조금만 더 적어봅니다.

상담 중 비행청소년을 만나다보면
일단 그 녀석들이 한 행동이 참 기가 막힙니다.

때리고 부수고 말썽피우는 게 한 둘이 아니죠.
등치만 어른이지 얼마나 철이 없는지……

그리고 그런 애들일수록
무엇이 옳고 무엇이 그른지 한참 말해줘봐야
전혀 듣지 않습니다.

-_-; 저 같아도 안 듣죠. 옳은 말인 줄은 알면서도요.

그런데 어찌 어찌 상담이 진행이 되고 관계가 좋아지면
이 녀석들의 행동이 조금 변합니다.

가출도 덜 하고, 화가 나도 주먹을 좀 참고, 생각도 차츰 좀 변하죠.

짧은 제 상담 경력을 통해 보면
아이들을 변화시키는 건 무엇이 옳고 그른가의 논증이 아니라
자신을 믿어주고 긍정적으로 봐주는 그 상대방에게
자기의 좋은 모습을 보여주고 싶은 마음이 생기게 되는 것,
그것인 것 같습니다.

저도 대학 다닐때부터 사회 문제에 관심도 많았고 활동도 해봤고
이런 저런 세미나나 토론도 많이 해 본 편이었는데
그 당시에는 정말 치열한 것이 참 좋았는데
그리고 치열하게 논쟁하면서
기어이 상대방의 어리석은 생각을 깨주겠노라고 열변을 토하고는 했는데

조금 시간이 흘러 상담이라는 다른 방법을 통해 사람을 보다보니
사람을 변화시키는 게 꼭 ‘논증’, ‘토론’만이 아니구나 하고
새삼 많이 느끼게 되었습니다.

그리고 점점 개인의 멋진 분석력보다
오히려 보이지 않는 ‘영향력’이
개인이나 사회를 많이 바꾸는 모습에 더 눈이 가게 되었습니다.

특히 가냘프고 잘 흔들리는 촛불하나가 시청앞에 70만명을 모았을 때
그 ‘영향력’에 대해 다시 한 번 생각해 보게 되었습니다.

어떤 분들은 꼴통보수를 싫어하시고
어떤 분들은 개독교를 싫어하시고
어떤 분들은 또 어떤 분들을 싫어하시기도 하는데

만약 여러분이 싫어하는 그 상대방이 뭔가 변하기를 바라고 있는지 모르겠습니다.

그런 변화에 관심이 없다면 저도 할 말이 없습니다만

만약에 하나라도 치열한 논쟁과 더불어 그 상대방이 변하기를 바라는 마음이 있다면

그리고 그런데도 뭔가 답답하기만 하다면

사람이 사람을 바꿀 수 있는 또다른 방법에 대해 함께 이야기해보고 싶은 마음이 있습니다.

무엇이 옳은가에 대한 토론도 참 중요하지만

어떻게하면 사람의 잘못된 신념이나 혹은 그 사람 자체를 변화시킬 수 있을가를 두고

참신한 아이디어와 함께 이토방이 더 뜨거워졌으면 하는 개인적인 바램이 있습니다.

어떤 이슈에 치열한 관점을 갖고 있는 분이
막상은 그 상대방에 대한 아무런 애정도 없고, 결국은 변화하리라 믿지도 않는 경우를 종종 봅니다.
그냥 싫기만 한거죠.

상담에서는 그런 경우 100전 100패입니다.

사회에서도 그런 비판자는 아무런 영향력을 끼치지 못하리라 생각합니다.

아무리 못마땅한 사회이고 상대방이라도

그 상대방에 대한 애정과 변할 수 있다는 신뢰가 있는 사람만이

그 상대방을 변화시킬 수 있는 영향력을 발휘할 수 있다고 생각합니다.

그게 ‘냉소’를 가진 사람과 ‘열정’을 가진 사람을 나누는 중요한 구분이라 생각합니다.

상담은 세상을 이해하고 바꿔보는 여러가지 방법 중의 한 가지에 불과합니다만

정치나 경제, 정의를 논할 때에도 참고할 만한 부분이 있는 듯 합니다.

이상,
^^ 상담으로 밥 먹고 사는 사람의 조촐한 생각이었습니다.

ps 참고로 2MB을 믿어주자, 사랑해주자 이딴 말 절대 아님. -_-;;;;;

작성자 – SLR 클럽의 마음을그리는화가

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I felt warm.

While I was watching this 2-min. short scene from I am Sam, I felt warm. I would like to spread this warmth.

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Review – TOEIC Bridge Test

The TOEIC Bridge Test

Reviewed by Jaehan Park, Jaeseok Yang, Ji Yeon Kim

Publisher: ETS TOEIC representative or TOEIC program, ETS,

Rosedale Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08541 USA; toeic@ets.org

Publication Date: It is developed from in the United States ETS which is a

world-wide maximum language study evaluation agency since 2001.

Target population: Test takers may be students or people who need to know some

English work, travel, or other purposes

Cost: The TOEIC Bridge test prices vary in different parts of the world. One month should lapse between each TOEIC Bridge test.

Test Purpose

The TOEIC Bridge test is an English language proficiency test for people whose native language is not English. It is not the kind of that one “passes” or “fails.” Not every job or task requires the same level of English proficiency.

The purpose of TOEIC Bridge is to measure different levels of English ability or proficiency. It helps learners set goals and monitor their progress as their English improves. It enables people to demonstrate what they currently can accomplish in English. The single, continuous scale also makes it possible for learners to set attainable goals and to measure their progress as their English improves.

It is an evaluation that provides information about the 5 territories (functions, grammar and listening skills, reading skills and vocabulary). The Listening, Reading, and Total scores are particularly helpful in assisting people in identifying the areas that they have the most difficulty with.

5 language territories

Detailed contents

Functions
(Function as language)

English should have been used in what kind of intention, the ability which understands.
Is to demand or is a information transmission which is simple etc.

Listening skills
(Technique which listens)

Anger voluntary intonation, pronunciation and test production, accurately understands a yearly sound and the ability which finds information which is necessary from true intent

Reading skills
(Technique which reads)

Reads an English sentence and meaning and the main point which are whole grasps and the ability which finds information which is necessary from writing inside

Vocabulary
(Vocabulary)

The word which is used from daily life the ability which grasps an old friendship intention

Grammar
(Grammar)

Understands a grammar and the ability which grasps a use

The TOEIC Bridge test is different from the TOEIC test. The TOEIC Bridge test was developed especially for beginning level to lower-intermediate level learners of English, so the TOEIC Bridge test is not as difficult as the TOEIC test.

The TOEIC (Test of English for International Communication) test is an English-language proficiency test for people whose native language is not English, but it tests proficiency at all levels. It measures the everyday English skills of people working in an international environment.

Test Methods

The TOEIC Bridge test is a paper-and-pencil test, composed of 100 multiple-choice questions. Before the actual test, examinees are to complete biographical questions including their educational and work history. The actual test takes about 60 minutes but 90 minutes is given to include time for biographical questions.

Whereas TOEIC contains contents closely related to business environment, TOEIC Bridge, due to the nature and target age of examinees, involves everyday life experiences of English-speaking surroundings. Some of significant scenes include activities, dining out, entertainment, family and friends, school, and travel.

The test consists of two main sections – listening comprehension and reading comprehension. The former is divided into three subsections including photographs (15 questions), question-response (20 questions), and short conversations and short talks (15 questions). Time allotted for this section is 25 minutes. The latter is comprised of two subsections: Incomplete sentences (30 questions) and reading comprehension (20 questions). The test-takers have 35 minutes to complete this section.


Listening comprehension section begins with photographs part, in which a picture is shown on the paper and the test-takers need to pick the correct one of four statements describing the picture. Question-Response part assesses the examinees’ ability to understand a short sentence and choose an appropriate response. Last part, Short Conversations and Short Talks, examines their capability of taking in a short conversation and indicating an answer that correctly reflects the content of the conversation.

The first part of reading comprehension purports to measure the examinees’ understanding of English expressions through filling an incomplete sentence with an appropriate answer. Remaining part of reading section is based on reading materials such as notice, letters, forms, and advertisements.

The total score of the test is 180, 90 point for each section. Besides the scores of each section, this test analyzes the examinees’ score in five detailed areas – functions, listening strategies, reading strategies, vocabulary, and grammar. Function means the ability to understand what a speaker is trying to do with the language. Listening strategies show how well one uses strategies to get information from a spoken text. Reading strategies show how well one uses strategies to get information from a written text. Vocabulary means competence to understand short phrases or words in context. Finally, grammar covers skills to understand the form, meaning, and use of English grammar.

Justifying Test Use

TOEIC Bridge was developed by the Educational Testing Service (ETS) in 2001. Virtually, the test-takers of TOEIC in Korea and Japan account for over 90% of all its test-takers worldwide (Korea Daily, 2005). These figures can tell clearly how the TOEIC test is predominant in both Asian countries. This overwhelming role of the TOEIC in Korea demands the other version of TOEIC for evaluating younger level of students’ basic every day communication skills. However, the TOEIC Bridge has not been as highly welcomed yet as TOEIC. This can be possibly because little attention has been paid to the appropriateness of the test with regard to younger EFL students’ needs or goals in Korea. Over 50% of the test-takers of TOEIC Bridge are middle school students who want to enter a good private high school. More, there have been no unified standards in Korea for English proficiency like ACTFL. Due to the lack of the standards, this test has been used as an alternative tool for teachers and students.

As teachers, TOEIC Bridge can be used as an alternative standard for assessing the basic English proficiency of young language learners. For instance, the teacher can reach the information of learners’ proficiency level and the test result can be used as a placement test in private language institutes. Additionally, teachers encourage their students to take the test in a regular basis in order to see if their language proficiency is advanced. Nevertheless, teachers need to be careful to use TOEIC Bridge to students in that the test is almost involved in receptive skills (i.e., reading and listening), not in productive skills (i.e., speaking and writing).

ETS offers useful information to test-takers in order to help them prepare for the TOEIC Bridge. (www.ets.org). The TOEIC Bridge test preparation materials (i.e., TOEIC Bridge Examinee Handbook and Bridge Sample Test) are available on the web site.

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